Involuntary turnover is characterized by?

Involuntary turnover occurs when an employee is separated from an organization against their will. This typically involves circumstances where the organization has initiated the termination, which can arise from various factors such as performance issues, organizational restructuring, or a need to downsize.

In this context, the correct choice highlights separation that is initiated by the organization, effectively capturing the essence of involuntary turnover. Recognizing that involuntary turnover is an action taken by the employer allows for a better understanding of its implications for workforce management and organizational health.

The other options represent scenarios of voluntary separation or mutual agreement, which do not accurately describe involuntary turnover. For example, when an employee chooses to leave voluntarily or when a mutual decision is made regarding performance, these reflect situations where the employee has agency in their departure, contrasting with the nature of involuntary turnover.