Kinesthetic learning is primarily defined as learning by which method?

Kinesthetic learning is primarily defined as learning by doing, which emphasizes the role of physical activity and hands-on experiences in the learning process. Kinesthetic learners benefit from engaging with material through activities that involve movement, manipulation, and physical interaction. This approach allows them to connect concepts in a tangible way, making it easier to retain information and understand complex ideas.

In contrast, options like hearing, touching (while it does involve physical interaction, it doesn't necessarily entail active engagement), and observing focus more on passive forms of learning rather than the active participation that defines kinesthetic learning. Thus, the focus on action and practical experience makes "doing" the essence of kinesthetic learning.