What is meant by a lockout in a labor dispute?

A lockout in a labor dispute refers to a situation where management prevents employees from working, often by denying them access to the workplace, as a means of exerting pressure during negotiations. This tactic is typically employed by employers in response to labor disputes, especially when negotiations with unions have reached an impasse.

By using replacements, management aims to continue operations despite the absence of the locked-out employees, thereby reducing the economic impact of the labor dispute on the organization. This method can also serve to demonstrate the company’s resolve and maintain production levels while negotiations are ongoing or when employees are demanding terms that management finds unacceptable.

In contrast, the other choices describe different strategies and actions that occur during labor disputes. Some involve employee actions or collaborative efforts, but they do not accurately define the term "lockout." Thus, the correct understanding of a lockout is essential for grasping broader labor relations concepts and the dynamics of conflict between management and employees.