What outcome is associated with affirmative action efforts?

The choice highlighting enhanced workforce diversity and reduction of historic inequalities is the correct outcome associated with affirmative action efforts. Affirmative action policies are designed to promote equal opportunity within the workplace, especially for historically marginalized groups. They aim to address and rectify imbalances by creating a more inclusive hiring process that actively seeks out diversity in recruitment and employment practices.

By implementing affirmative action, organizations can help to level the playing field for individuals who have faced systemic discrimination based on race, gender, or other characteristics. This not only supports social equity but also enriches the workplace with varied perspectives and experiences that can lead to greater innovation and problem-solving.

The other options, while related to the topic of workplace policies and equality, do not accurately reflect the primary aim and outcomes of affirmative action. For example, while some affirmative action policies might inadvertently increase discrimination lawsuits in certain contexts, this is not an intended or positive outcome of the initiatives. The notion of equal pay for all job categories and mandatory hiring of individuals with military service speaks to specific employment practices and rights but does not encapsulate the broader objectives of affirmative action, which focus on promoting diversity and addressing historical injustices in hiring and employment practices.