Which description best fits disjunctive socialization?

Disjunctive socialization refers to a process where newcomers form their understandings and interpretations of an organization or its culture independently, without direct guidance or support from existing members. This concept highlights how individuals may rely on their own experiences and observations to assimilate into a new environment, leading to unique perceptions that may differ significantly from the established norms or practices within the organization.

This process allows for a greater diversity of thought and perspective as newcomers navigate their roles and responsibilities on their own. It contrasts with other forms of socialization that involve structured support systems or evaluations based on competitive stages, where guidance is provided by more experienced members. In contrast, disjunctive socialization emphasizes individual agency and self-directed learning, which can lead to innovative contributions or different perspectives within an organization.